Psychiatric disorders affecting women can be influenced by biological, hormonal, and social factors, with certain conditions occurring more frequently during specific life stages, such as premenstruation, pregnancy, and postpartum. Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) is a severe form of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) that causes debilitating mood swings, irritability, fatigue, and anxiety, typically occurring in the two weeks before menstruation. PMDD affects approximately 3-8% of women of reproductive age and can significantly interfere with daily functioning. Postpartum depression (PPD) is a mood disorder that occurs in women after childbirth, typically within the first few weeks to months, but can occur up to a year after delivery. It is characterized by symptoms of sadness, hopelessness, fatigue, irritability, and difficulty bonding with the baby. PPD affects about 10-15% of women after childbirth, although some studies suggest the rates may be higher. Postpartum anxiety is another condition that can develop after childbirth, often co-occurring with postpartum depression. Women with postpartum anxiety experience excessive worry, panic attacks, irritability, and physical symptoms such as heart palpitations and dizziness. This condition affects an estimated 10-15% of women and may be underdiagnosed due to its overlap with other postpartum conditions. Postpartum adjustment disorder refers to a temporary difficulty coping with the emotional and physical demands of becoming a mother, which can include feelings of inadequacy, sadness, or stress. It is estimated that up to 20% of women experience some form of adjustment difficulty after childbirth.

The treatment for these psychiatric conditions often involves a combination of psychiatric medications and therapy. Antidepressants, particularly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), are commonly prescribed for PMDD, postpartum depression, and postpartum anxiety, as they help regulate mood and reduce anxiety. In addition to medication, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and other forms of psychotherapy can help women manage the emotional and psychological challenges associated with these disorders. For postpartum adjustment disorder, therapy focusing on coping strategies and support can be effective in helping women adapt to the changes brought on by childbirth. In some cases, lifestyle changes, such as regular exercise, a healthy diet, and sufficient sleep, are also recommended to improve overall mental health and well-being during the perinatal period. Support from family and friends, along with professional care, is crucial for women experiencing these conditions, as timely intervention can lead to a better prognosis and help reduce the long-term